Supreme Court Cases
Muller v. Oregon (1908)-the court accepts constitutionality of laws protecting female workers Reed v. Reed(1971) and Frontiero v. Richardson(1973)- the court argued that discrimination based on gender was wrong in employment Roe v. Wade (1973) - the court canceled all laws that prohibited women from having abortions Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) - the court allows laws in certain states to be passed that restrict abortion. It weakens the affects of Roe v. Wade. |
Famous Women
Pocahontas- saves John Smith from execution and serves as an intermediary between the English colonists and Powhatans. Elizabeth Cody Stanton- organized the Seneca Falls Convention for women's suffrage and co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association Susan B. Anthony- co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association Stanton Coit- founded first US settlement house in New York City in 1886 Jane Addams- founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889, which provided daycare centers for working mothers Alice Paul- founded National Woman's Party Ida B. Wells- African American woman who led an anti-lynching campaign from 1892 to 1920 Margaret Sanger- led a birth control movement Frances Perkins- first female cabinet official (Secretary of Labor) Rosie the Riveter- fictional woman from WWII poster that supported women joining workforce Betty Friedan- wrote book that started "second wave" of feminism Phyllis Schlafly- anti feminist who opposed ERA |
Laws and Amendments
Declaration of Sentiments (1848)- a written document by the women at Seneca Falls, stating that men should not take women's property or right to vote Married Woman's Property Act (1848) 18th amendment- prohibits the selling and drinking of alcohol, was supported by women, and showed that women could lead social reform 19th amendment- ratified in 1920 and gave women the right to vote Shepard Towner Maternity Act- passed in 1921 and encouraged women to return to their roles as mothers Education Amendments Title 9- passed in 1972 and prohibited sexual discrimination in educational and government programs Equal Rights Amendment- passed Congress in 1972 but never became amendment; would declare women equal to men |
Events and Organizations
Salem Witch Trials- they last from 1692-1693 and include many women being executed on account of untrue accusations of being witches American boycott of British goods- women contribute to American boycott by making clothes out of wool, and making other household items Seneca Falls Convention- held in 1848 and are the first official call for women's suffrage National Woman Suffrage Association- formed in 1890 and fights for women's suffrage and right to vote Industrial Workers of the World- union created in 1905 which was made up of many textile workers, half of which were women who did not like their living conditions and wanted to improve it Women's Christian Temperance Union- fights for prohibition National Woman's Party- opposed WWI and started campaigning for Equal Rights Amendment National Organization for Women- fought for the Equal Rights Amendment and opposed traditional roles of women |
The red highlighted material indicates terms that were obstacles to the evolution of women's citizenship. Since there are not as many obstacles as gains, the evolution of women's citizenship appears to have kept increasing their rights and status as equal to men over time.